![due to technological advances in photography, medical books no longer contain drawn illustrations due to technological advances in photography, medical books no longer contain drawn illustrations](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/612EMPtwRLL._SX324_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg)
There have been few fundamental breakthroughs in display technology since the advent of television in the 1940s. This overview also contributes to the efficiency of research by preventing unnecessary duplication of already performed research. The overview provided in this article should be useful to researchers in the field since it provides a snapshot of the current state of the art, from which subsequent research in meaningful directions is encouraged.
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We also provide a section to discuss a few very popular “pseudo 3D display” technologies that are often mistakenly called holographic or true 3D displays and include on-stage telepresence, fog screens, graphic waterfalls, and virtual reality techniques, such as Vermeer from Microsoft.Ĭoncluding remarks are given with a comparison table, a 3D imaging industry overview, and future trends in technology development.
![due to technological advances in photography, medical books no longer contain drawn illustrations due to technological advances in photography, medical books no longer contain drawn illustrations](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51GEzugsDxL._SX373_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg)
Both passive screens (no emitter) and active screens (with emitters on the screen) are discussed.įor digital hologram 3D displays, we will review the latest progress in holographic display systems developed by MIT, Zebra Imaging, QinetiQ, SeeReal, IMEC, and the University of Arizona. We also briefly discuss recent developments in super-multiview and multiview with eye-tracking technologies.įor volumetric 3D display technologies, we will review static screen (solid-state upconversion, gas medium, voxel array, layered LCD stack, and crystal cube) and swept screen (rotating LED array, cathode ray sphere, varifocal mirror, rotating helix, and rotating flat screen). For completeness, we also briefly review the binocular stereoscopic 3D displays that require wearing special eyeglasses.įor multiview 3D display technologies, we will review occlusion-based technologies (parallax barrier, time-sequential aperture, moving slit, and cylindrical parallax barrier), refraction-based (lenticular sheet, multiprojector, prism, and integral imaging), reflection-based, diffraction-based, illumination-based, and projection-based 3D display mechanisms. A detailed description of the 3D display mechanism in each category is provided. We classify the autostereoscopic 3D display technologies into three broad categories: (1) multiview 3D display, (2) volumetric 3D display, and (3) digital hologram display. This article provides a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art 3D display technologies. If a 2D picture is worth a thousand words, then a 3D image is worth a million. Flat images and 2D displays do not harness the brain’s power effectively.
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Nearly 50% of the capability of the human brain is devoted to processing visual information. This fundamental restriction greatly limits our ability to perceive and to understand the complexity of real-world objects. The physical world around us is three-dimensional (3D) yet traditional display devices can show only two-dimensional (2D) flat images that lack depth (the third dimension) information. Fundamentals of Three-Dimensional Display